Sorry for the pun. OK, I'm not. ;) I'm a mechanical engineer, and as a mechanical engineer these little worlds of electrons and nuetrons and protons all seem like teeny tiny lincoln (or maybe Imperial) logs to me. Its all imaginary. Dick B is definitely correct, though, in citing the equation Power=Current(^2) * Resistance. Think of it like KE (Kinetic Energy)=velocity(^2) * mass. Any increase in the first term will increase the output (energy, either as heat, light, sound, etc) by an amount squared; increasing the second term will also increase the output, but only in a linear relationship. Now, where this gets tricky is how it all relates to V=IR. If your resistance goes up, the current would have to decrease by an equal amount to maintain the constant voltage. But, if this were the case, then an increase in resistance would actually decrease Power, and heat would go down. So what's going on here? You EE's out there, correct me if I'm wrong, but V IS NOT CONSTANT. Yes, you have a 12 volt potential across the battery, at 60 megaohms resistance (or whatever the voltmeter is), but at the, say, 8 ohms or resistance typically found in the circuit, the voltage will be less than 12. Now, if the resistance goes up, to say 10, the voltage will also go up, I (current) will remain constant, and P (power) will increase. Incidentally, V=IR is just the electrical equivalent of F=MA. ;) You electrical guys just copied our equation. ===== --Mike Pittinaro "Peculiar travel suggestions are dancing lessons from God." --Kurt Vonnegut, "Cat's Cradle" __________________________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! News - Today's headlines http://news.yahoo.com